Managerial Functions Essay

Managers create and uphold an internal environment, commonly called the organization, so that others can work efficiently. In any organization, a manager’s job consists of planning, organizing, staffing, motivating, leading and controlling the resources of the organization. These functions also include counseling and coordinating with subordinates and peers. These resources include people, jobs or positions, technology, facilities and equipment, materials and supplies, information, and money. Managers work in an energetic environment and must foresee and adapt to challenges.† Eight Managerial Functions Planning Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It requires decision-making. For every organization, planning process is rational and agreeable to the scientific approach to problem solving. It consists of a logical and systematic series of steps. Managers of higher level have to follow these steps: * Define the mission. * Conduct a situation analysis by assessing strengths and weaknesses and identifying opportunities and threats. * Set goals and objectives. * Develop related strategies. * Monitor the plan. Almost every manager, junior or senior is involved in planning process, directly or indirectly.† (Principles of Management) Organizing â€Å"It is that part of managing that involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for people to fill in an enterprise. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals. Organizational structure is the formal decision-making skeleton by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and harmonized. It is the extent to which the units of the organization are explicitly defined and its policies, procedures, and goals are clearly stated. It is the official organizational structure envisaged and built by top management and supervisors.† (Allen, 1998) Leading It influences people to strive willingly and passionately toward the accomplishment of organization and group goals. Since leadership involves the exercise of influence by one person over others, the quality of leadership showed by supervisors is a critical determinant of organizational success. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without using his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership. Thus, leading is a major part of a manager’s job. Yet a manager must also plan, organize, and control. Generally speaking, leadership deals with the interpersonal aspects of a manager’s job, whereas planning, organizing, and controlling deal with the administrative aspects. (Kevin & Jackie, 1996) Staffing Managers in all types of organizations are responsible for the human resources in their departments. Selecting competent, high-performing employees capable of supporting their performance over the long run is a competitive advantage. The Staffing consists of forecasting employment needs, recruiting candidates, interviewing applicants, and hiring employees. The managers develop a team of job candidates from which to select qualified employees. The local labor market, the type or level of position and the  size of the organization decide which source is used to find prospective job candidates.† (Allen, 1998) Coordinating Manager depends on collaboration from their employees, because without group support, the chance of achievement is slim. Effective supervisors empower employees by giving them more decision making power and by seeking ideas from every worker. He is the liaison with external constituencies such as upper management, other internal teams, customers, and suppliers. It is the supervisor’s job to build and sustain an effective team. Managers, as team leaders, share information, trust others, surrender authority, and understand when to intrude. (Likert, 1967) Motivating Since motivation influences productivity, manager understands what motivates employees to reach maximum performance. It is not an easy task to increase employee motivation because employees respond in different ways to their jobs and their organization’s practices. Motivation is the set of processes that moves a person toward a goal. Thus, motivated behaviors are intentional choices controlled by the individual employee. The supervisor (motivator) wants to influence the factors that motivate employees to higher levels of productivity. Counseling In any organization, managers use controls to help employees achieve objectives. An employee’s problem performance is often related to non-job factors. The supervisor is in the best position to spot and handle problems when they arise. He can use counseling to provide relief for the troubled employee. Counseling is a behavioral control method used by the manager to solve performance problems. As a counselor, the supervisor is a helper, discusses the employee’s private problems that are affecting his or her job performance, aiming to resolve them. The manager helps staff help themselves. Controlling â€Å"Control is the process through which standards for performance of people and processes are set, communicated, and applied. The manager observes what happens and compares that with what was supposed to happen. Efficient control systems allow managers to know how well implementation is going. Since managers are eventually held responsible for their employees’ performance, well-timed feedback on employee activity is essential.† (Allen, 1998) Expected changes in future As time and requirements of an organization change, there is always a need to change managerial functions. Mangers at all levels must anticipate and adapt to changes. In any ordinary but expanding organization the next future change might be to restructure the organization. For this purpose of course more staffing is required and the whole setup and functions will be needed to change according to the particular requirements of organization. Conclusion The job of every manager involves what is known as the functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, motivating, leading, counseling, coordinating, and controlling. These functions are goal-directed, interrelated and interdependent. The intensity of these functions always changes with the circumstances and requirements of the organization. Works Cited Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg, 1996 Southwest Airlines Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success, 1996 Bard Press Allen, Gemmy, 1998, Modern Management: Supervision. Principles of Management. McGraw Hill Likert, Rensil, 1967 New York McGraw Hill

Social Work Theme

Dave was viciously trampled and famished by his biological mother who is psychologically unsound and always intoxicated (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169). He is treated by his mother as a slave, instead of a young boy or instead of a son (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169).Referred to by his mother as an â€Å"it†, he is made to sleep in the basement where it is extremely cold (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169). In addition to that, the clothes he wears were torn and dirty (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169). He was also usually not given permission to eat; in case his mother feels like feeding him, he will be provided with â€Å"scraps which came from the dog’s bowl† (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169). His condition was noticed by some of the school authorities and later a police came over to help end his dilemma (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169).Social Work Themeâ€Å"A Child Called It’s† social work theme is centered generally on â€Å"problems on living† specifically â€Å"child abuse† (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169). He usually goes hungry when he goes to school; he isn’t provided with breakfast and the same thing happens at home (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169).Dave is allowed to eat so seldom that he usually feels weak working or going to school with an empty stomach (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169). The main character is smacked in the face whenever he forgets what his mother asks him to find (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 31 – 32).He usually is not provided with food; it is fortunate if there would be â€Å"leftovers from one of his brothers’ cereal bowls† and if he was behaved enough for such a reward since usually those would be given to the dog (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 4). When he is caught stealing from the garbage can, he will be slapped; any form of punishment is given to him as long as it is exceedingly agonizing (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 4).He is made to accomplish multiple chores at ho me as well instead of allowing him to play outside with his brother who enjoys the sun so much (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169).His mother was so mad at Dave that she always threatens to kill him (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 83 – 84). There was a time when Dave was stabbed on the chest by his mother (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 83 – 84). However, his mother did not acknowledge that just like what she did when she broke his shoulders (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 83 – 84).Principles in Human ServiceWith â€Å"Dave Pelzer’s† case, I believe that the principle applicable in human service delivery would be â€Å"case management† (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169). This is because in a â€Å"case management†, it is possible to carry out a â€Å"face-to-face comprehensive assessment† (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169).A â€Å"face-to-face comprehensive assessment† is appropriate for â€Å"Dave Pelzer† since he is not really willing to tell the whol e story especially if his mother will eventually be held accountable and sent to jail (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169).Through a one-on-one with the social worker, his strengths and weaknesses will be analyzed by the social worker which will help the latter come up with an â€Å"individualized service plan† in consideration of what the client acknowledges as â€Å"main concerns, desired result, as well as, interventions to be utilized (Pelzer, 1995, pp. 1 – 169).

Is the constitution effective? Essay

The United States Constitution is questioned all of the time. Disagreements about the powers of national government and the rights of states have been frequent. Combined with the separation of powers, the protection of civil liberties, and the ability to create a national identity, the Constitution cannot be considered anything else but effective. The Constitution has lasted the nation this long, and many things concerning the Constitution have been debated. But, the Constitutions effectiveness cannot be questioned. At the Philadelphia Conference, where the constitution was signed and put the final touches on, the men who created the document wanted to make sure that monarchy would never rule over anyone of the U.S. again. The founding fathers did this by creating a separation of powers, with 3 branches of government; Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. With powers separated between these branches, it would ensure that the country would never fall under tyranny, and it never has. State and federal powers were also separated, giving state governments a little freedom to make their own laws, but still abide by all of the national laws as well. The founding fathers of the Constitution tried their best to create an effective part of the government where certain powers were separated, and they did just that. Read more: How did the constitution guard against tyranny essay Civil liberties are basic rights guaranteed by laws or by a constitution. Usually when an American thinks of civil liberties, they think of the Bill of Rights, but the Constitution itself protects itself from tyranny. Many articles and amendments in the Constitution were put there for the only reason but of the people, and to protect their rights. These articles and amendments cover everything from religious freedom to the right to a fair trail, the Framers really thought of everything the people needed to be protected from at that time. Some would argue that the Constitution was written for the society back in 1787, and not for a modern society, but a person’s basic needs to live are the same as they were in that time. Perhaps it is because of all of these rights Americans are given that they are taken for granted of. After the Revolutionary War, the U.S. needed to break away from England, and create and image and identity for itself. The U.S needed to show that they  weren’t Britain’s little colony anymore, it was a country with a strong government. The Constitution gave the United States the identity it needed. It is a strong document, giving the federal government power, while at the same time letting the individual states keep some of their sovereignty. After the Constitution was signed, the economy grew, the nation slowly came out of debt, and the United States earned respect, while showing how effective their new government was. The Constitution is a very effective document that helped the United States in many ways. The Framers never wanted to have tyranny rule over the nation, and it hasn’t because of this document. The Constitution protects the rights of the people, as well as maintains a strong central government the people can rely on. The Constitution has lasted the United States this long with great success, so who is anyone to question it’s effectiveness?

SAM 450 UNIT 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 450 UNIT 8 - Assignment Example However, there are certain fundamental elements of corporate sponsorships that are worth noting. These include advertising and sponsored property. In this regard, whereas the sponsor agrees to sponsor an athlete or sporting club, the sponsor also benefits through television adverts, which are aired during the programme breaks. Accordingly, it becomes clear that corporate sponsorship aims to create a mutual benefit between the sponsor and the sponsored. However, before entering into a sponsorship agreement, there are certain fundamental considerations that an athlete or a sporting club and the sponsor should take into consideration. Firstly, both parties must ensure that the sponsorship agreement being entered into will create mutual benefit (Stier, 2011). In this case, the sponsored party must ensure that the sponsor is worth the money. Similarly, the sponsor must also ensure that the athlete or the sporting club to be sponsored can attract large audience viewing to enable its product brand reach many people. Secondly, the parties to the sponsorship agreements must ensure that they all the terms of engagements, including the sponsorship duration, circumstances that might result into termination of the agreements and renewal terms. Thirdly, it is critical for the parties to sponsorship agreements to agree on the sponsorship fees before entering into a written agreement. Lastly, the parties to the sponsorship agreement should ensure that the obligations of both the athlete or sporting club and the sponsor are clearly defined and documented to minimize chances of

Causes of Increase in Oil Prices in Last 36 Months Essay

Causes of Increase in Oil Prices in Last 36 Months - Essay Example Such circumstances encouraged speculators to adopt measures that would ensure they made sufficient money to meet future demand. Oil traders have started placing premiums on the prices of crude oil on the basis of instability and uncertainty in the Middle East, which has the largest oil reserves in the world. Moreover, the increasing internal disturbances in countries such as Libya, Iraq and Tunisia as well as the potential threats pertaining to disruption of crude oil production and transportation in this region and in Africa, have led to increase in oil prices. In view of these circumstances, speculators started bidding higher for oil, which again raised prices across the world. Governments of several oil producing countries have not been adopting efficient management practices that have adversely impacted the performance of the oil industry in these countries. For instance, oil producing nations such as Venezuela have been channeling their oil revenues into domestic politicking in order to continue holding on to power. The oil industry in Venezuela and other countries in the Caribbean region have been nationalized and are used by the respective governments to meet their political objectives. Revenues from the oil industry are used to finance social projects and to subsidize gasoline to citizens. Oil revenues are substantially misappropriated in meeting the costs of political agendas, which reduces oil available in the market and thus there is increase in prices. The PDVSA is the only oil company in Venezuela that is having complete stake in the country’s oil functions. In being owned by the state, its management complies with state mandates irrespective of the fact that the company’s long term revenues and profitability suffer a setback. These governments try to make more money out of the oil business by quoting oil prices at very high levels. In African countries such as Nigeria, the increasing activities of rebels and terrorists have deterred investors from investing in the oil industry (Flower, 2010). Such circumstances deprive the sector from employing advanced technology because of which high production levels cannot be achieved and the resultant short supply leads to higher prices. Increasing use of industrial and automobile equipments, especially in developing countries, has led to increased demand for oil. The law of demand and supply provides that the price of any commodity will increase if its demand increases at any given supply level. In view of political and economic circumstances oil producers are not increasing supply of oil adequately in keeping up with increasing demand. It is thus natural that oil prices will increase. In the last few years, the evolving patterns of industrialization and use of vehicles has led to advancement of production processes, which have led to increase in demand for oil. The global demand for crude oil is increasing steadily, particularly in India and China that are undergoing rap id industrialization and development processes (Gupta, 2005). The economies of China and India are slated to grow the maximum in the coming future and they have already started consuming much higher levels of oil in meeting their energy requirements. Increasing per capita incomes in China and India have considerably increased the demand for automobiles and more and more people now own their own cars (Reynolds, 2005). In view of the huge middle class in these two countries, which are the most populated countries in the world, it is apparent that the demand for oil will also increase substantially. The US is no longer the biggest oil consumer and cannot dominate the oil industry by demanding preferential oil prices for

Week 10 and Week 12 Discussions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 10 and Week 12 Discussions - Coursework Example The effect is increasing in investments diverted to other uses other than agriculture. Japan being a manufacturing country due to its enormous amount of industries, this has resulted to huge investments in industrial projects hence the main income generating that drives the economy of Japan. The Japanese word is used to mean ‘group’ in Japanese. In the business world, the word is used to refer to a partnership or other forms of alliances. The partners work closely to ensure that they all succeed in the invested business. Partners work towards a common goal and are all involved in making decisions concerning their organizations. The Japanese essentially operate in quite a different manner when compared to other countries. They often consider others first before considering themselves. The other countries like the U.S believe that it is better off to consider themselves first before giving others room. The main consequences felt while the Korean War was sexual harassment as the women were badly exploited during wartime. Those who protested against the government were killed hence their cases of the unjust murder were reported in Cheju Island. The Koreans were made to be dependent on nuclear bombs and have the largest amount of a nuclear bomb in South Korea. The Korean people and the land in general have been overexploited that there are many reported cases of pollution in the two states. Dams help in flood control as noted by the Chinese government. The harmful gas released to the atmosphere as sulphur dioxide is reduced by dams as they are absorbed. Helps in water storage and there is a forecasting by the Chinese people that waste water can be in future treated and stored in dams for future use. Where any dam is constructed there is pressure exerted on the natives to relocate from their land. Dams constructed alter the surrounding environment and worse off threatens the river’s wildlife. The weight exerted by huge dams

Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Research Proposal Example mpany improves conditions of their vehicles by servicing them after three months thus offering excellent services to their customers and minimizing damage on the environment. They have come up with new technology in their vehicles that do not consume a lot of fuel so thus reducing carbon dioxide emission (JÃ ¸rgensen, 2009). Vehicles in this company have achieved high emission standard throughout Europe. In addition, Stagecoach Company has set targets on carbon emission strategies as the main goal in their green program. This has been achieved by introducing an accounting and control system of carbon emission. This program has been linked to their business agenda to ensure transparency to their customers and realize control of carbon emissions. The title going green with stagecoach gives a reflection of the goal of the company. This shows that the company besides making profit from transportation it also cares about the environment. The title passes strong messages to other company on the importance of conserving the environment and sustainably using natural resources for the sake of coming generations. Both the employees and managers of Stagecoach Company will work toward realizing their goal in relation to their title. Our surrounding environment is very important because it carries a lot of natural resources. These resources include forests, rivers, swamps and biodiversity. Human should protect forests because they are habitant of many animals thus destroying forests interferes with biodiversity. These resources have both positive and negative impacts to the environment. Planting of trees help in water catchment as well as preventing soil erosion. Rivers are a source of water to human beings and habitant to aquatic animals like fish. It is also a source of food for both animals and human beings. There are rivers with beautiful scenery that attract tourists hence help in generating revenue. Natural resources should be use sustainably by the current generation